The representation of data in a graphical or visual format to make patterns, trends, and relationships easier to understand.

Data visualization includes charts, graphs, maps, dashboards, and infographics. Good visualization makes complex data accessible to non-technical audiences. Poor visualization can mislead by distorting scale, cherry-picking data, or using inappropriate chart types.

For geographic data, maps are a natural visualization format. GIS tools provide powerful mapping and spatial visualization capabilities.

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